This post provides the answer key and detailed explanations for the 50 MCQs Exercise on Sentence Kinds and Structure, designed in line with the PMDC-approved MDCAT syllabus and the format seen in MDCAT and NUMS Past Papers. Each explanation not only confirms the correct option but also helps students understand why a particular sentence is classified as declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory—and how it fits into sentence structures like simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. These explanations are essential for building a solid foundation in grammar and improving accuracy in the English section of medical entry tests.
Q.1
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “After the change in senior management, the company failed miserably” is a simple sentence because it contains only one independent clause (“the company failed miserably”) with a single subject and predicate. The phrase “After the change in senior management” is a prepositional phrase acting as an adverb, not a clause.
Q.2
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Scientists believe that Covid is going to stay with us for at least few years” is complex because it consists of one independent clause (“Scientists believe”) and one dependent clause (“that Covid is going to stay with us for at least few years”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.
Q.3
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “He looked for his lost pen everywhere, but he couldn’t find it” is compound because it contains two independent clauses (“He looked for his lost pen everywhere” and “he couldn’t find it”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”
Q.4
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “James went to the market and then to the hospital” is simple because it has a single subject (“James”) and a compound predicate (“went to the market and then to the hospital”). The conjunction “and” connects two phrases, not clauses.
Q.5
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “The dog ate the food in his bowl and the food in my bowl” is simple because it contains one subject (“The dog”) and one compound predicate (“ate the food in his bowl and the food in my bowl”). The conjunction “and” joins two noun phrases, not clauses.
Q.6
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “The tongue is but three inches long, yet it can kill a man six feet high” is compound because it consists of two independent clauses (“The tongue is but three inches long” and “it can kill a man six feet high”) connected by the coordinating conjunction “yet.”
Q.7
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “If you’re upset with someone for some reason, make peace before the end of the day” is complex because it contains one dependent clause (“If you’re upset with someone for some reason”) and one independent clause (“make peace before the end of the day”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone.
Q.8
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “The administration did not enforce wearing of masks, nor did they take serious interest in testing” is compound because it has two independent clauses (“The administration did not enforce wearing of masks” and “did they take serious interest in testing”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “nor.”
Q.9
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Tom lives in the town where I live in” is complex because it includes one independent clause (“Tom lives in the town”) and one dependent clause (“where I live in”). The dependent clause modifies the noun “town” and cannot stand alone.
Q.10
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “After coming back from the office, I proceeded to take bath” is complex because it contains one dependent clause (“After coming back from the office”) and one independent clause (“I proceeded to take bath”). The dependent clause acts as an adverbial phrase.
Q.11
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “The helicopter went down apparently because of bad weather and misjudgment on part of the pilot” is simple because it has one independent clause (“The helicopter went down”) and a prepositional phrase (“because of bad weather and misjudgment on part of the pilot”) that explains the reason.
Q.12
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “I didn’t go to office today because I’ve to go to the airport to see my parents off” is complex because it consists of one independent clause (“I didn’t go to office today”) and one dependent clause (“because I’ve to go to the airport to see my parents off”). The dependent clause explains the reason.
Q.13
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Never write a letter when you are angry” is complex because it contains one independent clause (“Never write a letter”) and one dependent clause (“when you are angry”). The dependent clause acts as an adverbial modifier.
Q.14
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Don’t ask questions that people can’t or don’t want to answer” is complex because it includes one independent clause (“Don’t ask questions”) and one dependent clause (“that people can’t or don’t want to answer”). The dependent clause modifies the noun “questions.”
Q.15
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “The findings of this committee are not too different from what earlier committee recommended” is complex because it has one independent clause (“The findings of this committee are not too different”) and one dependent clause (“what earlier committee recommended”). The dependent clause acts as the object of the preposition “from.”
Q.16
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “The man you’re talking about is no more” is complex because it contains one independent clause (“The man is no more”) and one dependent clause (“you’re talking about”). The dependent clause modifies the noun “man.”
Q.17
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “What would happen if we reduce the budget by 10 percent this year?” is complex because it consists of one independent clause (“What would happen”) and one dependent clause (“if we reduce the budget by 10 percent this year”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone.
Q.18
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Nobody goes where demons live forever” is complex because it includes one independent clause (“Nobody goes”) and one dependent clause (“where demons live forever”). The dependent clause acts as an adverbial modifier.
Q.19
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “The mother beat the child for his disobedience” is simple because it contains one independent clause (“The mother beat the child”) and a prepositional phrase (“for his disobedience”) that explains the reason.
Q.20
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “They spoke to him in Spanish, but he responded in English” is compound because it has two independent clauses (“They spoke to him in Spanish” and “he responded in English”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”
Q.21
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “If you are not ready with the song, it is better to let them know” is complex because it contains one dependent clause (“If you are not ready with the song”) and one independent clause (“it is better to let them know”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone.
Q.22
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “A healthy man can enjoy his life fully and whole heartedly” is simple because it has one subject (“A healthy man”) and one predicate (“can enjoy his life fully and whole heartedly”). The conjunction “and” connects two adverbs, not clauses.
Q.23
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “We cannot get near the car because fire has broken out just now” is complex because it consists of one independent clause (“We cannot get near the car”) and one dependent clause (“because fire has broken out just now”). The dependent clause explains the reason.
Q.24
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “The horse reared and the rider was thrown” is compound because it contains two independent clauses (“The horse reared” and “the rider was thrown”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “and.”
Q.25
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “Temperance promotes health; intemperance destroys it” is compound because it has two independent clauses (“Temperance promotes health” and “intemperance destroys it”) connected by a semicolon.
Q.26
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “Come straight to me and I will try my best to help you out” is compound because it consists of two independent clauses (“Come straight to me” and “I will try my best to help you out”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “and.”
Q.27
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “He asked me where I lived” is complex because it contains one independent clause (“He asked me”) and one dependent clause (“where I lived”). The dependent clause acts as the object of the verb “asked.”
Q.28
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “I looked for Mary and Jane at the bus station” is simple because it has one subject (“I”) and one predicate (“looked for Mary and Jane at the bus station”). The conjunction “and” connects two nouns, not clauses.
Q.29
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “I remember the day that we met very well” is complex because it includes one independent clause (“I remember the day very well”) and one dependent clause (“that we met”). The dependent clause modifies the noun “day.”
Q.30
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “Jibran has gone to Hyderabad, but he has not found any jobs yet” is compound because it has two independent clauses (“Jibran has gone to Hyderabad” and “he has not found any jobs yet”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”
Q.31
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Though I was not happy, I went to the reception for the sake of my friend” is complex because it contains one dependent clause (“Though I was not happy”) and one independent clause (“I went to the reception for the sake of my friend”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone.
Q.32
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “It was raining the whole day; however, he decided to go to the park” is compound because it consists of two independent clauses (“It was raining the whole day” and “he decided to go to the park”) connected by the conjunctive adverb “however.”
Q.33
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “You are the only friend who taught me right from wrong” is complex because it includes one independent clause (“You are the only friend”) and one dependent clause (“who taught me right from wrong”). The dependent clause modifies the noun “friend.”
Q.34
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Unless you speak up, nobody is going to know” is complex because it has one dependent clause (“Unless you speak up”) and one independent clause (“nobody is going to know”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone.
Q.35
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “Nick and Zoe are having orange juice” is simple because it contains one subject (“Nick and Zoe”) and one predicate (“are having orange juice”). The conjunction “and” connects two nouns, not clauses.
Q.36
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “I want to go to work, but I am tired” is compound because it consists of two independent clauses (“I want to go to work” and “I am tired”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”
Q.37
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “I love to travel because I get to meet a lot of interesting people” is complex because it contains one independent clause (“I love to travel”) and one dependent clause (“because I get to meet a lot of interesting people”). The dependent clause explains the reason.
Q.38
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “I was crazy about pop music when I was younger, but I’m more into jazz now” is compound because it has two independent clauses (“I was crazy about pop music when I was younger” and “I’m more into jazz now”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”
Q.39
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “After our team won, we celebrated with ice cream” is complex because it includes one dependent clause (“After our team won”) and one independent clause (“we celebrated with ice cream”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone.
Q.40
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Whenever he hears thunder, my little brother starts to cry” is complex because it consists of one dependent clause (“Whenever he hears thunder”) and one independent clause (“my little brother starts to cry”). The dependent clause acts as an adverbial modifier.
Q.41
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “The man who was on the other side of the street waved” is complex because it contains one independent clause (“The man waved”) and one dependent clause (“who was on the other side of the street”). The dependent clause modifies the noun “man.”
Q.42
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Because the class had started, we stopped talking to our friends” is complex because it has one dependent clause (“Because the class had started”) and one independent clause (“we stopped talking to our friends”). The dependent clause explains the reason.
Q.43
Correct option: D. Compound-Complex
Explanation: The sentence “I don’t like exercising, but I’ll do it if I have to” is compound-complex because it contains two independent clauses (“I don’t like exercising” and “I’ll do it”) and one dependent clause (“if I have to”). The coordinating conjunction “but” joins the independent clauses, and the dependent clause modifies the second independent clause.
Q.44
Correct option: B. Compound
Explanation: The sentence “It is difficult for me to concentrate, but I try my best” is compound because it consists of two independent clauses (“It is difficult for me to concentrate” and “I try my best”) joined by the coordinating conjunction “but.”
Q.45
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “The Civil War was a turning point in American History” is simple because it has one subject (“The Civil War”) and one predicate (“was a turning point in American History”).
Q.46
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “I can’t go back to school until I am over the flu” is complex because it contains one independent clause (“I can’t go back to school”) and one dependent clause (“until I am over the flu”). The dependent clause acts as an adverbial modifier.
Q.47
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “We played baseball while the adults barbequed hamburgers” is complex because it includes one independent clause (“We played baseball”) and one dependent clause (“while the adults barbequed hamburgers”). The dependent clause cannot stand alone.
Q.48
Correct option: D. Compound-Complex
Explanation: The sentence “She took out her umbrella because it was raining, and then she walked home” is compound-complex because it has two independent clauses (“She took out her umbrella” and “she walked home”) and one dependent clause (“because it was raining”). The coordinating conjunction “and” joins the independent clauses, and the dependent clause explains the reason.
Q.49
Correct option: A. Simple
Explanation: The sentence “Darcy stayed home from school on Friday” is simple because it contains one subject (“Darcy”) and one predicate (“stayed home from school on Friday”).
Q.50
Correct option: C. Complex
Explanation: The sentence “Lisa got sent to the principal’s office because she was late” is complex because it consists of one independent clause (“Lisa got sent to the principal’s office”) and one dependent clause (“because she was late”). The dependent clause explains the reason.
