Here is the answer key and explanation for the exercise. Check your answers carefully and review the explanations for any incorrect responses. Practicing questions and correcting mistakes are essential for MDCAT success, as they strengthen your understanding and improve accuracy. Keep learning from your errors to enhance your performance!
Q.1
Correct option: B. buying
Explanation: The verb “advised” is followed by a gerund (verb + ing) when indicating the action being recommended. Therefore, “buying” is the correct choice. Gerunds are used after certain verbs to show the action as a noun, which fits the structure of the sentence here.
Q.2
Correct option: D. to see
Explanation: The verb “expect” is followed by an infinitive (to + verb). “To see” is the infinitive form, making it the correct choice. Infinitives are often used after verbs like “expect,” “want,” and “hope” to express purpose or intention.
Q.3
Correct option: D. to give
Explanation: The verb “remember” is followed by an infinitive (to + verb) when referring to an action that needs to be done in the future. Here, “to give” indicates the action of delivering the message, which is yet to be completed.
Q.4
Correct option: C. smoking
Explanation: The verb “stopped” is followed by a gerund (verb + ing) when indicating the cessation of an activity. “Smoking” is the gerund form, showing that the action of smoking was discontinued a month ago.
Q.5
Correct option: A. call
Explanation: The causative verb “have” is followed by the base form of the verb (without “to”). Therefore, “call” is correct. This structure is used when someone causes another person to perform an action.
Q.6
Correct option: B. listening
Explanation: The verb “enjoy” is followed by a gerund (verb + ing). “Listening” is the gerund form, which fits the sentence structure. Gerunds are used to describe activities that are enjoyed or disliked.
Q.7
Correct option: A. cooking
Explanation: The verb “finished” is followed by a gerund (verb + ing). “Cooking” is the correct choice, as it indicates the completion of the activity before going for a walk.
Q.8
Correct option: D. to hear
Explanation: The phrase “I’m sorry” is followed by an infinitive (to + verb) when expressing regret about something. “To hear” is the infinitive form, making it the correct option.
Q.9
Correct option: A. lock
Explanation: The verb “saw” is followed by the base form of the verb (without “to”) in this context. “Lock” is the base form, indicating the action observed. This structure is used for direct observations of actions.
Q.10
Correct option: B. were
Explanation: The past continuous tense “were watching” is used to describe an action that was interrupted by another event (the phone ringing). “Were” agrees with the plural subject “we.”
Q.11
Correct option: D. have told
Explanation: The present perfect tense “have told” is used to indicate an action that occurred at an unspecified time before now. It emphasizes the repetition of the action (“before”) and its relevance to the present.
Q.12
Correct option: A. had informed
Explanation: The past perfect tense “had informed” is used to show that the action of informing occurred before another past action (driving carefully). It establishes a clear sequence of events.
Q.13
Correct option: A. had done
Explanation: The past perfect tense “had done” is used to indicate that the action of joking occurred multiple times before the current reference point in the past. It emphasizes the repetition of the action.
Q.14
Correct option: B. has written
Explanation: The present perfect tense “has written” is used to describe an action that started in the past and has relevance to the present (“this year”). It emphasizes the result of the action.
Q.15
Correct option: D. had given
Explanation: The past perfect tense “had given” is used to show that the action of giving advice occurred before another past action (Jessie not taking the advice). It establishes a clear sequence.
Q.16
Correct option: B. Does
Explanation: The auxiliary verb “Does” is used with the singular subject “each child” to form a question in the present simple tense. It agrees with the singular form of the verb “have.”
Q.17
Correct option: D. are
Explanation: The verb “are” agrees with the plural subject “children” in the present simple tense. It describes a general requirement for the children to finish their test.
Q.18
Correct option: B. washing … talking
Explanation: The verb “finished” is followed by a gerund (“washing”), and the phrase “while talking” uses the gerund to describe simultaneous actions. Gerunds are used for actions happening at the same time.
Q.19
Correct option: B. knows
Explanation: The singular verb “knows” agrees with the subject “none,” which is treated as singular in formal English. It indicates that not a single child knows the answer.
Q.20
Correct option: B. cycles
Explanation: The present simple tense “cycles” is used for habitual actions (“usually”). It agrees with the singular subject “Matthew” and describes a regular activity.
Q.21
Correct option: D. was wondering
Explanation: The past continuous tense “was wondering” describes an action that was in progress at a specific time in the past (when the phone rang). It emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action.
Q.22
Correct option: A. Could
Explanation: The modal verb “Could” is used to describe an ability in the past (“when he was young”). It indicates that swimming across the river was something he was capable of doing.
Q.23
Correct option: C. Would have won
Explanation: The third conditional structure “Would have won” is used to describe a hypothetical past situation. It indicates that winning the race was a possible outcome if more effort had been made.
Q.24
Correct option: A. to receiving
Explanation: The phrase “was used to” is followed by a gerund (“receiving”) to describe a habitual action in the past. It indicates that receiving admiring glances was a regular occurrence for her.
Q.25
Correct option: D. praised
Explanation: The past simple tense “praised” is used to describe a completed action in the past. It indicates that Mrs. Singh gave praise at a specific time in the past.
Q.26
Correct option: C. catch
Explanation: The base form “catch” is used after “want to” to form the infinitive. It indicates the desire to avoid catching a cold.
Q.27
Correct option: C. Have known
Explanation: The present perfect tense “Have known” is used to describe an action that started in the past and continues to the present (“for years”). It emphasizes the duration of the relationship.
Q.28
Correct option: B. is lying
Explanation: The present continuous tense “is lying” is used to describe an action happening now. It suggests that the act of lying is currently taking place.
Q.29
Correct option: C. is boiling
Explanation: The present continuous tense “is boiling” describes an action happening at the moment of speaking. It indicates that the water is currently being heated.
Q.30
Correct option: A. swear
Explanation: The present simple tense “swear” is used for general statements or declarations. It emphasizes the speaker’s current assertion.
Q.31
Correct option: C. Cost
Explanation: The past simple tense “Cost” is used to describe a completed action in the past. It indicates the amount paid for the lessons.
Q.32
Correct option: D. will advertise
Explanation: The future simple tense “will advertise” is used to describe a future action (“once they get the budget”). It indicates a plan or intention.
Q.33
Correct option: D. Paid
Explanation: The past simple tense “Paid” is used to describe a completed action in the past. It indicates the amount given for the house.
Q.34
Correct option: C. am
Explanation: The present simple tense “am” agrees with the singular subject “I.” It describes the speaker’s current state of uncertainty.
Q.35
Correct option: D. Hope
Explanation: The base form “Hope” is used after “need not” to form the negative infinitive. It indicates that hoping for lower taxes is unnecessary.
Q.36
Correct option: B. are
Explanation: The plural verb “are” agrees with the collective noun “police,” which is treated as plural in English. It describes the current action of canvassing.
Q.37
Correct option: A. is brushing
Explanation: The present continuous tense “is brushing” describes an action happening now. It indicates that she is currently brushing her hair.
Q.38
Correct option: B. was climbing
Explanation: The past continuous tense “was climbing” describes an action that was in progress when another event (the lightning strike) occurred. It emphasizes the ongoing nature of the action.
Q.39
Correct option: C. Gave
Explanation: The past simple tense “Gave” is used in the subjunctive mood to express a wish. It indicates a hypothetical situation where the mother gives presents more often.
Q.40
Correct option: A. Would not be worried
Explanation: The mixed conditional structure “Would not be worried” is used to describe a hypothetical present result of a past condition. It indicates that the sister would currently be less worried if she had booked the seats earlier.
Q.41
Correct option: C. Wouldn’t be feeling
Explanation: The mixed conditional structure “Wouldn’t be feeling” describes a hypothetical present result of a past condition. It suggests that the person would not currently feel tired if they had not stayed up late.
Q.42
Correct option: C. Could translate
Explanation: The second conditional structure “Could translate” is used to describe a hypothetical present ability. It indicates that Mary would be able to translate the manuscript if she spoke German.
Q.43
Correct option: D. Would have had
Explanation: The third conditional structure “Would have had” describes a hypothetical past result. It suggests that taking the management course would have resulted in many job opportunities.
Q.44
Correct option: A. Tells
Explanation: The present simple tense “Tells” is used in the second conditional to describe a habitual action. It indicates that the person regularly tells lies.
Q.45
Correct option: A. makes / tidy
Explanation: The causative structure “makes / tidy” is used to indicate that Grace compels her brothers to tidy their beds. “Makes” is followed by the base form of the verb.
Q.46
Correct option: B. have / paint
Explanation: The causative structure “have / paint” indicates that the Harrisons arrange for the painter to paint their house. “Have” is followed by the base form of the verb.
Q.47
Correct option: D. got / to iron
Explanation: The causative structure “got / to iron” indicates that Hilda persuaded her sister to iron her clothes. “Got” is followed by the infinitive (“to iron”).
Q.48
Correct option: C. get / buy
Explanation: The causative structure “get / buy” indicates that he will arrange for his brother to buy a watch. “Get” is followed by the base form of the verb.
Q.49
Correct option: D. made / wear
Explanation: The causative structure “made / wear” indicates that the boss compelled him to wear a suit. “Made” is followed by the base form of the verb.
Q.50
Correct option: D. had / changed
Explanation: The causative structure “had / changed” indicates that someone arranged for the credit card to be changed. “Had” is followed by the past participle (“changed”).